Supply shortages forced soldiers to eat corn originally intended for horses. Civilians were forced to take shelter in cellars and ravines to escape falling shells. Fences were destroyed for firewood, tents and wagons were parked in yards and on sidewalks, and there was little regard for property. Affluent unionists fled before the siege was underway, but the majority of civilians faced the difficulties of life with twelve thousand soldiers. Although Hess notes that it was not a siege in the traditional sense, because Burnside’s food supply was too extensive for Longstreet to starve the Union army out of Knoxville, the experience was marked by extreme hardships for both civilians and soldiers. The siege of Knoxville officially began on November 19. Bolstered by the Confederate victory at Chickamauga in September 1863, Longstreet and two divisions of the Army of Northern Virginia marched toward Knoxville in hopes of recapturing the town. Tennessee provided the perfect gateway for implementing this strategy. Longstreet believed that a Confederate victory was dependent on invading Union territory from Kentucky to the Ohio River. Burnside and his army marched easily into Knoxville in the fall of 1863.Ĭonfederate general James Longstreet also identified Chattanooga as an important stronghold because of its connection to the railroad. Only when General Burnside, who had been relieved from his post as commander of the Army of the Potomac, was appointed to the Ninth Corps and sent to Kentucky did the Union army have enough military force in the West to prioritize the capture of Chattanooga. Until 1863, however, the Union army did not have enough additional manpower to support sending an army to the West. President Lincoln believed that Union control of East Tennessee was imperative to Union victory and the protection of this loyalist population. East Tennessee was also attractive to Union authorities because the population was predominately unionist. Whichever army controlled the railroad would also control the most direct route from the western theater to Virginia. Militarily, East Tennessee, specifically Chattanooga, was important as the source of the east-west and north-south railroad line. Hess, however, argues that the Union’s political and humanitarian objectives for capturing Knoxville make the campaign more significant than previously recognized. Historically, the 1863 Knoxville campaign has been overshadowed by the Federal victory at the Battle of Chattanooga, which allowed the Union army to infiltrate the Deep South. The subsequent siege of Knoxville lasted from September to December 1863 and contributed to Gen. environment for visitors of all ages.During the fall of 1863, Union general Ambrose Burnside and Confederate general James Longstreet vied for control of East Tennessee and the railroad that linked southwestern Virginia with the Western Confederacy. In addition, a large multisensory, unique climber, and three MAKE-LABS designed for different ages and using a variety of materials will provide a rich S.T.E.A.M. MUSE learning landscape includes eight exhibit zones that are a fusion of science and the arts: DARK, MOVE, FLOW, PATTERN, SPIRAL, YOU, BUILD AND SPROUT. Key to the plan was community meetings, the development of an exhibit advisory, growth of the organization, and evolution of exhibits in phases.
In 2013, MindSplash, along with a national known team of designers, completed work on a Museum Master Plan and an Operational Plan for Financial Stability. From the seeds of this pilot museum, the MUSE of Knoxville was formed in 2011 and MindSplash completed their strategic plan that same year. MindSplash began to work with the MUSE team in 2007 by designing and fabricating Sprout Studio in west Knoxville. MindSplash is working with a dynamic group in Knoxville, TN to plan a unique hybrid children's and science museum.
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Feasibility, New Museum Master Plan, and Operational Pro Forma
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